Assessing Quality of Care in Kinship and Foster Family Care by Jill Assignment

Evaluating Quality of Care in Kinship and Foster Family Care by Jill Duerr Berrick (2010) - Assignment Example Connection care has increased expanding consideration from professionals, policymakers and scientists. The consideration has been enamored by the enormous quantities of kids being served in child care by kinfolk and the shortage of data accessible about the quickly developing course of action for care† (Berrick, 1997, p.273). As per Mokgosi (1997, p.7), â€Å"placement with more distant family or connection is getting broadly utilized as an elective position. Numerous kid government assistance specialists accept that youngsters will be better off if their consideration is given by relatives inside the network of root instead of by strangers.† For, detachment from inaccessible relatives may prompt the child’s disturbance, if unattended. Then again, Berrick claims, â€Å"on various measures identifying with the home condition, non-kinfolk homes were appraised as more safe† (1997, p.273). The creator portrays kinfolk guardians as â€Å"older than temporary fa mily guardians and a gathering vigorously spoke to by single ladies of shading who are battling themselves with restricted incomes† (Berrick, 1997, p.273). While temporary family suppliers for the most part plan for their new job as guardians, connection non-permanent parents all the more regularly fall into more seasoned parenthood in light of a squeezing family crisis. Patterns in this information point to the requirement for additional examination in the field, that is, â€Å"the requirement for changes in strategy and practice that may reinforce the family and non-kinfolk assets at present accessible to subordinate kids are likewise suggested† (Berrick, 1997, p.279). In spite of the fact that the examination done by Berrick was intended to survey the quality in kinfolk and non-family homes, center thus will be given around its quantitative perspective, in other words, as far as the observational examples found in the information gathered, to clarify the exploration marvels with respect to its numerical information. The essential technique utilized was overview look into, which included meetings. The area staff drew an arbitrary example of 123 family relationship and 97 non-kinfolk homes from their child care databases. In this, a basic arbitrary testing strategy for investigation was actualized. â€Å"Sampling is a specialized bookkeeping gadget to legitimize the assortment of data, to pick in a suitable way the limited arrangement of items, people, occasions from which the genuine data will be drawn† (Bless and Higson-Smith, 1995, p.85). In this examination, the example was limited to those homes that remembered a kid for care between 5 to 12 years old. A letter depicting the extension and reason for the investigation was sent on all kinfolk and non-family suppliers. Suppliers were offered a $20.00 allowance for their interest. Nonetheless, just fourteen family (11%) and 11 non-kinfolk (11%) suppliers reacted to the request.â

Breaker Failure Detection Algorithms Research Paper

Breaker Failure Detection Algorithms - Research Paper Example The subsequent part tends to issues worth thought while applying Breaker Failure Protection and in conclusion, progresses towards breaker Failure Protection. Utilizing calculations altogether upgrade the numerical BF assurance. Acquaintance Contingency examination stays with be one of the extraordinary errands that face insurance engineers. The motivation to this is because of the way that a Protection Engineer needs to concentrate on Murphy’s Law and Ohms Law simultaneously. The plan for PRS assumes a key job in identifying any flaw that occurs on the force framework and the potential outcomes of ejection of any issue in the security arrangement of the force framework. At the point when the defensive transfer framework is structure, the architects of the force framework get it yet the condition changes when a disappointment is identified. Inferring arrangements towards this disappointment is the thing that makes a security engineer capable. The security architect can just pre vail by seeing how activities of the framework. The best methodology that the designer can have is to have an appropriate comprehension of every part of the framework just as their association and covers required. The requirement for Breaker Failure Protection To effectively investigate this subject, the contrasts between flaw recognition gadgets and shortcoming interference gadgets ought to be comprehended. Any unsettling influences like deficiencies are distinguished by defensive transfers. The defensive transfers works in any case, meddle with the issue current framework or slices off any association with the force framework. Frameworks that need breaker disappointment location neglect to investigate recognition and interference disappointments. This isn't the situation for breaker disappointment identification. The excess transfer frameworks assume the job of distinguishing issue in the event of disappointment (IEEE 8). What to consider for Breaker Failure Protection Before cont emplations fundamental for breaker disappointment identification, parts of back up security should be engaged. The perspectives incorporate speed, affectability and ease of use along with upkeep required. Affectability The inquiry considered under this viewpoint is on the dependability of remote transfers in distinguishing issues in the force framework. A trouble emerges while breaking down the conditions that lead to framework disappointment. The preventing factor is the heap infringement. The spiral framework has impediments in the issue current and the circuit load. The source goes about as a controlling component subsequently making this framework basic. Confusions emerge for organized frameworks. The conceivable outcomes of the transfers distinguishing disappointment past the remote transport is restricted as a result of the in feed. To tackle this issue, a remote reinforcement through separation transfers with applications in the adjoining zones appears to be suitable. This pr ompts change in the arrive at setting of the in feed to long ones. Complexities emerge when the zone three transfers are depended on as a reinforcement insurance. At the point when breaker disappointment security and a typical back up are applied, the issue is explained (Daume, Jon 20). Speed of the framework in clearing shortcomings that emerge because of disappointment of the essential assurance is imperative. Over stumbling of the framework is forestalled when taken by the transfers in covering zones. The result to this procedure is for a remote back up to be set up after a sensible deferral. At the point when breaker disappointment insurance is utilized, stumbling of back up circuit breakers is stimulated. The set up speed of the framework is guided by harm that is probably going to be brought about on hardware, nature of intensity and its effect on its environs and soundness. Incase

Basic Facts About Anabolic Steroids

Basic Facts About Anabolic Steroids More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone, which promote the growth of skeletal muscle and increase lean body mass. Street Names for Anabolic Steroids Arnolds, Gym Candy, Pumpers, Roids, Stackers, Weight Trainers, Gear, Juice What Are Steroids? Anabolic steroids are synthetically produced versions of the naturally occurring male hormone testosterone. While they may be legally prescribed, illicit use far exceeds legitimate use. What Do They Look Like? Steroids come in tablets or liquid form. How Are They Taken? Anabolic steroids are taken orally or injected. Many users use them in what is called cycling. Users take them in cycles of weeks and months instead of continuous use. They frequently use several different types of steroids in order to maximize the good benefits of a specific steroid and lessening the more negative effects. This form of abuse is known as stacking. Who Uses Steroids? Bodybuilders and athletes often use steroids to boost their competitive advantage and improve their physical appearance, but anyone can potentially use them. What Are the Effects of Steroids? Reports indicate that use of anabolic steroids increases lean muscle mass, strength, and endurance. Those who use steroids often talk about feeling good about themselves and invincible while using steroids. The positive feelings can soon turn to anger, rage, paranoia, and violence. What Are the Hazards of Using Steroids? Steroids often make users feel edgy, moody, aggressive and paranoid. Other short-term hazards include: HeadachesNosebleedsAcneStomach painIncreased heart rateIncreased blood pressureFluid retentionMuscle tightnessMuscle crampsTendon problems Many problems can arise from long-term use. These include: Heart diseaseLiver cancerHypertensionEating disorderElevated cholesterolStunted growthEpisodes of rageDelusionsViolent behaviorHIV Adolescents Adolescents may experience stunted growth due to premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes which is irreversible. Women Women often experience a masculinization effect when using steroids. They may have an increase in facial hair, enlarged clitoris, deepened voice and changes in or cessation of the menstrual cycle. Men Men may experience a feminization effect when using steroids. They can experience infertility, shrinking testicles, reduced sperm count, impotence, baldness and development of breasts. Are Steroids Addictive? Steroid users often experience withdrawal characteristics related to addiction when they stop using steroids, including severe cravings, depression, and sleeping disorders.

The Black Death And The Transformation Of The West Essay

David Herlihy, The Black Death and the Transformation of the West (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997) â€Å"The work of a mature, indeed brilliant, scholar†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are a few words from Thomas Kuehn, author of Law, Family, and Women, describing David Herlihy’s profession on his work of the Black Death. David Herlihy was a remarkable medievalist who questioned the inference of the Black Death, the Yersinia Pestis or the bubonic plague. Herlihy has written several other books about his work, one well-known book is Medieval Households (1985). Herlihy graduated in the colleges of Yale University and the University of San Francisco, although there was no specific majors or degrees he has received. He taught has a professor in Barnaby Conrad, Mary Critchfield, and in Brown University. Herlihy was not born during the black death, but he has studied and looked thoroughly of the history of the Black Death; he has much knowledge to be writing about the medieval times. The type of this book is economic, social and cultural history. The thesis of the book is the importance of how t he black death developed of Western Europe and the transition from medieval to modern â€Å"system† of behavior. As the thesis states, and the title of the book tells everything of what Hearlihy main point; the â€Å"...Transformation of the West†. He proved that the bubonic plague may not have been the effect of the Black death, he proved that the Black Death broke the Malthusian deadlock, lastly he proved that theShow MoreRelatedBlack Plague1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epidemic is Here The Black Plague, one of the most devastating out breaks in history, is an historical event brought about with a great depression throughout Europe. This plague brought out the worst in mankind during the time the plague ran its course. How do people behave, when there environment becomes life threatening? (Herlihy, 18). The Black Death accounted for nearly one third of the deaths in Europe. Due to the death of many people there were severe shortages in labors, duringRead MoreAfricans in America: the Terrible Transformation Response/Reflection1605 Words   |  7 PagesAfricans in America: The Terrible Transformation Response/Reflection The video titled Africans in America: The Terrible Transformation thoroughly reassesses the history of slavery. The documentary tells of how slavery was brought to America, and of the conditions under which these slaves were forced to live. The trade that began in Africa was not initially focused on trading humans, but rather on gold. Gradually, the British took control and started trafficking Africans to their colonies in AmericaRead MoreA Review Of The Wests Dream?992 Words   |  4 Pageswith him and Swift. At the end of â€Å"Power,† West questions in plain voice, â€Å"Are you strong enough to let power go?† The incredibly deep and wondrous record revealed a darker side of West that showed his transformation and desire to once more speak for the people and highlight dark, comedic experiences. After â€Å"Power,† West released new, free records every Friday via his Twitter and website for two months leading up to the release of MBDTF. On Twitter, West expla ined that his exile showed him the importanceRead MoreThe Shift of Culture in Compton and the Transcendent Cultural Effect it Formed in America972 Words   |  4 PagesIn less than forty years, the city of Compton went from a shielded suburb near the confines of Los Angeles, to a terrorizing image of American culture. The results of this transformation and creation of â€Å"gangsta rap† is still well renowned today. Through de jure segregation, Reagan economics, undermining of black prosperity, N.W.A., and â€Å"Boyz n the Hood†, the city of Compton told its story and became a global image. This paper will analyze the shift of culture in Compton and the transcendent culturalRead MoreAnalysis Of Masque Of The Red Death 969 Words   |  4 Pages4 May 2015 One Must Face Death in â€Å"Masque of The Red Death† Death is unavoidable. It is something that no one can escape. Edgar Allan Poe is a well-known author in literature and was greatly influenced by the way death was presented in life and the resurrection of the dead. In â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, Poe uses symbolism, personification, and imagery to illustrate how death is inevitable and how life will ultimately lead to death. The theme of death being inevitable is firstRead MoreImagery in Ode to the West Wind by P.B.Shelley1300 Words   |  6 PagesNilanjan Dutt Imagery in Shelley’s Ode To The West Wind Ode to the West Wind is a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley that shows the correspondence between the inner and the outer world of the poet. It is among his famous poems. The major theme of the poem is the poet’s intention to become a force that may bring the change and rejuvenation in man’s life. This theme is metaphorically shown by the rejuvenation of nature through the west wind as an agent. It is described through his excellent useRead More The Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance, a time of global appreciation for the black culture, was a door opening for African American women. Until then, African Americans, let alone African American women, were neither respected nor recognized in the artistic world. During this time of this New Negro Movement, women sculptors were able to connect their heritages with the present issues in America. There is an abundance of culture and historyRead More The Plague - The Black Death Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death The Black Death is known as the worst natural disaster in European history. The plague spread throughout Europe from 1346-1352. Those who survived lived in constant fear of the plagues return and it did not disappear until the 1600s. Not only were the effects devastating at the time of infection, but during the aftermath as well. The Black Death of the fourteenth century dramatically altered Europes social and economic structure. The plague was spread by fleasRead MoreThe Misrepresentation of Hip-Hop Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesoutside of hip-hop. Recently he has been protesting some of the newer hip-hop. His songs â€Å"D.O.A† (Death Of Auto-Tune) â€Å"Run This Town† he takes a rebel approach to all of the recent fads in hip-hop. Even though, the fads were embraced by pop culture, Jay-Z saw them as stale and unprogressive. In â€Å"D.O.A.† he talks about hip-hop becoming ringtone rap and has lost its edge. â€Å"This is anti autotune/ death of the ringtone/ this ain’t for I-Tunes/ This ain’t for sing-a-longs/†¦This is practically assaultRead More The Black Death in Medieval Europe Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Death in Medieval Europe The Bubonic Plague, more commonly referred to as the Black Death, ravaged Europe between the years 1347 and 1350 (Herzog, 2000). During this short period, according to Herzog (2000), 25 million people (which were about one third of Europes population at the time) were killed. In another article, Herlihy (1997), however, claimed that two thirds of Europe’s population were killed. Nevertheless, it is ascertained that thousands of people died each week and

Erm Research Report On Walt Disney Company Essay - 1585 Words

ERM RESEARCH REPORT The Walt Disney Company ERM Research report – The Walt Disney Company I. COMPANY BACKGROUND The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world’s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer products, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world. According to the â€Å"2015-Annual-Report† of the Walt Disney Company, The Walt Disney Company, together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, is a leading diversified international family entertainment and media enterprise with the following business segments: media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products and interactive media. Media Networks: Media Networks comprise a vast array of broadcast, cable, radio, publishing and digital businesses across two divisions – the Disney/ABC Television Group and ESPN Inc. Parks and Resorts: Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is one of the world’s leading providers of family travel and leisure experiences, giving millions of guests each year the chance to spend time with their families and friends, making memories that last a lifetime. Studio Entertainment: For over 90 years, The Walt Disney Studios has been the foundation on which The Walt Disney Company was built. Today, the Studio brings quality movies, music and stage plays to consumers throughout theShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pages Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil ChileRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 PagesFinance Minister, (5) rest of the bureaucracy, RBI governor, Planning Commission, SEBI, Banking sector 3 The Budget preparation and presentation, factors influencing the annual budget, role of (5) subsidies and foreign exchange reserves 4 Companies, balance sheets, AGMs window dressing of balance sheets, the loopholes (the case of Satyam) (5) 5 Stock exchange, Sensex and its ups and downs, need for stricter monitoring, how to (5) cover Stock Exchanges, qualities of a good stock exchangeRead MoreSolutions: Income Statement and Pearson Education121412 Words   |  486 PagesStockholders are not responsible for any encumbrances of the firm; in particular, they cannot be required to pay back any debts incurred by the firm. Which organization forms give their owners limited liability? Corporations and limited liability companies give owners limited liability. Limited partnerships provide limited liability for the limited partners, but not for the general partners. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of organizing a firm as a corporation? Advantages: Limited liability

Leadership in Healthcare Free Essays

string(118) " extremely difficult for them to classify their challenges since these are multi dimensional and of a complex nature\." Contents Introduction2 Interactive Model of Leadership3 Measure to Analyse Leadership Skills5 Introduction5 Critical Factors5 Identifying Leadership Gaps5 Closing the gaps6 Nature of Motivation, Satisfaction Performance8 Task Orientation among Teams8 Nature of group group development8 Leading Virtual teams8 Creating the Virtual Team9 Conclusion9 References10 Introduction The organization chosen for this assignment is Bupa Care Services, Leeds, UK. Founded in 1947, Bupa Care Services have believed in the motto that they should help people live longer, happier healthier lives with provision of good quality healthcare. Bupa not being open to shareholders works purely for the benefits of its patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in Healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their various initiatives in terms of investment are aimed at better healthcare for their patients. The focus of this assignment is on the leadership programme conducted by Bupa in â€Å"Caring for elder people† Bupa, through its network of residential hospitals, retirement homes nursing homes in the UK, Australia, Spain and New Zealand takes care of thousands of elder patients. Over a period of time with increase in experience they have identified lacunas in their processes and reached a maturity to excel in innovation and development of care facilities for the elderly. With collaborations with researchers, expert partners and academics they aim to find innovative ways to improve their services With the society at large being dominated by ageing individuals, it introduces the healthcare domain with new challenges to address. It is more prevalent in developed countries which have a strong healthcare system to support individuals during their more productive phase in life thus improving their life expectancy. Globally speaking, it is estimated in the next two decades that there would be about twice the percentage of elders in the UK as compared to today, while individuals who have completed their centenary would be 4 times as compared to today. In Australia, the numbers are expected to increase from the current 0. 2 million to an estimated 0. 5 million in the next two decades. A more similar trend is predicted in New Zealand whereby the current count is estimated to be doubled in the next three decades.. The programme aims at trying to profile care home population, support initiatives to garner funds, target improvement of healthcare aspects and a aim at the greater good for improving the standard of living of the elderly. The programme was conducted under the able leadership of Mark Ellerby, Managing Director, Bupa Care Services and Dr. Clive Bowman, Medical Director, Bupa Care Services. Interactive Model of Leadership Response from people today in a corporate team based culture is largely influenced by the behaviour of their leaders. People like if their leaders are with them rather then above them, which gives them a feeling on belonging in the team and not a slave to the system. This calls for an innovative and lateral shift in the thinking behaviour on part of the leaders to be effective in their workplace. The interactive leadership development program helps leaders learn to effectively make that shift excel as team players. The program offers a new lease of life and offers an opportunity for to be leaders to benchmark their skills against the best practises from around the world which is supported and well documented through a world class study of ore than three decades. The intent of the program is to make candidates test their inner skills and coach themselves against external actions. It provokes them to improve upon their competencies and be better leaders to achieve higher performance with results which have a long lasting impression. The research on interactive leadership has been conducted by founder David H. Burnham and Harvard psychologist Dr. David C. McClelland basis which they have observed the way leaders behave and most importantly how they think in the most critical of situations. The focus of the program is to inculcate a thought process to be able to engage with individuals and groups, improve the emotional intelligence and have a dedicated focus on results. Let’s now focus on applying the model to the leadership programme at Bupa Care Services. The primary premise on which the interactive leadership works is: Thoughts drive Actions to create Outcomes. Participants are given the opportunity to work through simulations, perform exercises and activities in each of the critical areas in order to: Experience and evaluate how their present thinking will help them drive outcomes in future ? Develop and invest in specific goals which would prepare them for any future change ? Identify the key areas that need development and have conscious thought process to achieve them ? Learn the nuances to make the change(s) happen. Measure to Analyse Leadership Skills 1 Introduction Leaders are aware of change and it is obvious to them that they need to adapt to the chan ge as individuals as well as a group and the industry at large. But considering today’s uncertain and complicated work culture, the importance lies in understanding the importance of leadership skills. The entire healthcare domain for years have been operating in a dynamic world with changes impacting everyone including insurance companies, healthcare providers, device firms and pharmaceutical to a great extent. The industry has been boosted by the advent of technology, newer improved means of care, a more dynamic business model. Regulatory authority and ethical issues add to the existing woes of the healthcare industry. With such complexities, organisations find it cumbersome to identify the leadership talent which can help them set direction, gain commitment from employees as well as from partners and drive high quality care for the patients. With a volatile environment, the healthcare sector is looming large on drastic changes ahead in time and at the present moment; it is already amidst a phase of rapid change. This demands high levels of expertise in technology and thorough bred professionals with good leadership skills to be able to swim in the rough waters. The other problem for the healthcare domain is that it is extremely difficult for them to classify their challenges since these are multi dimensional and of a complex nature. You read "Leadership in Healthcare" in category "Essay examples" In order to address these challenges, common strategies and processes have to be developed which would enable the organization to achieve high performance. It is the need of the hour and even a need for Bupa Care Services. 2 Critical Factors 1. Improve the ability to lead subordinates and work in groups. Leaders should be able to collaborate and should be capable of creating a culture to influence participation from all members in the group. It is also important for leaders to be able to deal with problem subordinates. 2. Create strategies to provide current and future leaders broad holistic view. In order to have a holistic view, leaders are expected to have some critical qualities like self awareness, career management and functional know how. A majority of the leaders today have been found wanting in these critical areas. Such limitations are expected to be overcome through continuous training and development, feedback sharing, coaching and succession planning. 3. Leaders possess important strengths. They are well equipped to handle change and have the ability to achieve the end results. They possess some key additional qualities like cool composure, quick learning capability and clarity in thought process. Such qualities inherited by leaders provide enough proof that the healthcare leaders are a capable bunch of individuals who are assets to the industry. 3 Identifying Leadership Gaps Like in every exercise which involves comparison of two levels of attributes in any individual, there would always be some gaps in the expected level and actual level. With leadership this disparity can be arrived by the difference in current skills to expected skills. With this understanding, organizations can come up with powerful strategies to build a capable pool of able leaders. The process of identifying gaps leads us to the characterizing certain attributes which are important for leadership skills and certain factors that are termed as derailment factors. Important Factors 1. Resourcefulness. Possesses multiple qualities such as good decision making under pressure, setting up intricate systems, analytical thinking, flexible behaviour and problem solving skills. Gets along with seniors and has the capability to deal with higher management responsibilities. 2. Result Oriented. Has the capability to get things done by carefully investing in ideas and thrives to overcome hindrances with a dedicated focus. Can stand up and take responsibility to handle tasks individually and at the same time is open to learn from others to accomplish the task. 3. Quick Learner. Has the capability to quickly assimilate business and technical know-how. 4. Decisive. Always looks for prompt and precise solutions to any of the management problems which otherwise would be slow and sluggish. . Leading Subordinates. Strong delegation powers and provides opportunities to budding subordinates to show case their talents. Always on the look out for fresh talent for hiring. Has an unbiased approach towards his subordinates. 6. Handling Problem Subordinates. Tries to understand the problem subordinate and only after proper evaluation decides to act upon a problem employee. Sh ows enough fairness and is unbiased with problem employees. 7. Encourages participation. Is a good listener and takes everyone’s opinion before arriving at a decision. 8. Handles change. Is always expecting changes and is ready to adapt. Also, takes efforts to overcome any resistance from his other subordinates with a view that the change has its benefits in the long run. 9. Build relationships. Capable of building and maintain good relations with subordinates and external parties. Masters the skills of negotiation without hurting any of the subordinate sentiments. 10. Compassionate and Sensitive. Genuinely interested in solving others problems and is sensitivity to employees’ needs. 11. Composure. Does not get into blame game over a mistake committed by anyone in the team. Handles the problem calmly and looks at solving the same quickly. 12. Personal Life. Strikes a balance between his working commitment and personal life. Neither of them is ever side tracked. 13. Self-Awareness. Knows his strengths and weaknesses and has the willingness to improve. 14. Puts people at ease. Displays the right amount of warmth to people and has a good sense of humour. Having a good sense of humour is not at the expense of hurting subordinates sentiments. 15. Manages his career. Remains focussed towards building this career through continuous investing in training, coaching and feedback. Derailment Factors 1. Interpersonal Relationships. Finds it difficult to get along with subordinates which indirectly impact his work. 2. Building and Leading a Team. Finds it difficult to build and lead a team. 3. Manage change. He is not able to manage change. Finds it difficult to adapt to change and inherently shows resistance to change. 4. Fails to achieve goals. Finds it difficult to keep up with his commitments and fails to meet business objectives. 5. Narrow thinking. Does not get into details and fails to have a holistic view. 4 Closing the gaps To close the leadership gap in the areas identified, organizations and individual leaders will need a solid understanding of the skills and behaviours required to be effective in each area. Here, is the starting point for understanding five areas that healthcare leaders and organizations should emphasize: 1. Leading employees. This requires a leader to be self aware and have strong interpersonal skills. They need to invest in creating and building a team. They provide ample opportunities and challenges to their subordinates which is followed up with continuous guidance and coaching. They look at being mentors to future leaders. . Encourage participation. A leader should look at getting his teams involved, build a consensus and have a concurrent decision with everyone’s strong participation. Should be able to communicate well and also be a good listener in order to be able to get the best out of his team members. Looks at multiple perspectives before arriving at a decision. 3. Relationship Management. A leader should look at building relationships with his subordinates and also be fair in handling these relationships. He should be able to relate to all kinds of people and easily gain support and respect of peers, senior management and customers. . Self-Awareness. Be aware of ones strengths and weaknesses. Some one who is aware of his own being will always seek feedback from others and try to improve him continuously. He would be open enough to admit his mistakes and self correct himself. 5. Organizational perspective. A leader should have a broad and holistic organizational view. If the thinking is narrow then it would hurt the team was well as the organization in the long term. Should be capable enough to handle the tactical and technical points required to manage his work. Nature of Motivation, Satisfaction Performance Motivation is something that makes people performs better. However, not everyone gets motivated by the same things: Someone who is motivated might be satisfied and would perform better by getting additional responsibilities, whereas someone would gets some flexibility in his working style might get motivated to perform better. It merely means that motivation to every individual might mean differently and his response to it would also differ. The various initiatives take at Bupa Care Services to contribute to the overall success of the leadership programme are listed below 1. Clinical Leadership: Director of mental and physical disability care, Dr Graham Stokes, is responsible for driving forward the quality and scope of care for people living with mental and physical disability in Bupa’s care homes in the UK, Australia, Spain and New Zealand. 2. Fund Raising: Bupa is continuing their successful partnership with Alzheimer’s Society in England and Wales, and Alzheimer Scotland for the Bupa Great Run Series. They managed to raise close to ? 1 million in 2009, which is evidence of the shared commitment to continue to raise awareness of mental and physical disability. Bupa has sponsored the Great Run Series for 17 years, making it one of the longest-running sporting partnerships in the UK. 3. Boosting Research: Alzheimer’s Society and the Bupa Foundation have formed a partnership to pioneer and boost research into physical mental disability and its causes. They jointly launched a ? 1. 5 million fund to support research into the cause, cure, care, and prevention of physical mental disabilities. Task Orientation among Teams Every organization wants to have a well collaborated team which can provide results effectively. There are many factors which would define a team’s success but the key factor being a leader’s vision and control over his team. Leaders have to be a mix of task and team orientation. This capability to leverage on both orientations enhances the ability build trust, create stability, and bring effectiveness among the team. The various task orientation initiatives taken at Bupa Care Services are listed below. 1. Pioneering Champions: Alzheimer’s Society and Bupa have joined together to launch the first ever physical mental disability Champions programme across 190 Bupa specialist care communities in the UK. The programme aims to develop in-house bred leaders to combat physical mental disability care in their place of work and has been successfully piloted in Bupa care homes. By changing the culture, the physical mental disabilities champions aim to further improve quality of care and quality of life for people with physical mental disability. 2. Supporting careers in their own communities: Bupa’s partnership with the charity for physical mental disability aims to build capacity by developing new Admiral Nurse Posts in communities not served by this specialist nursing discipline. Physical mental disability Pioneers’ are appointed to selected areas to spearhead development plans. The work of the Admiral Nurse in helping families and those living with physical mental disability is well proven. Admiral Nurses have a significant role in helping families cope with the difficulties faced through their journey with physical mental disability. Nature of group group developm ent There are four distinct stages that a group passes through as it comes together and starts to operate. The process can be known to all, but an understanding of the stages can help everyone attain effectiveness more quickly. . Forming: Being humans, everyone thrives to be accepted in their groups and also looks to avoid getting into conflicts. Everyone has a part to play in the entire jigsaw puzzle and thus they avoid getting into issues and hurting others feeling. But they have to accomplice their task by being in touch with their sub ordinates in order to achieve the results. 2. Storming: Every group has Individuals with varied natures. Some have a high degree of patience while some just get annoyed at everything. Similarly there is a threshold to everyone’s patience which eventually might lead to minor disputes or confrontations. These might be related or totally unrelated to work. 3. Norming: As we progress from the storming stage, the group matures and starts understanding their roles and responsibilities. These become more clear and each one agrees to follow the same. They start understanding each other better having gone through the grind during the storming stage. This eventually would lead to forming a cohesive unit which is capable of achieving the desired results. 4. Performing: Reaching this stage for any group is an achievement as not many groups reach this stage. Having attained this stage signifies that the group is highly collaborative and works as a cohesive unit. The group possesses high morale and has created a identity for itself which reflects through their loyalty for each of the members. Leading Virtual teams The last couple of decades have seen rapid globalisation which has also made an impact on the healthcare domain. Challenges have come up with leaders expected to manage teams which are geographically diverse in terms in distances and time zones and not being co located. The problems however with managing virtual teams especially in the healthcare domain has not received enough importance the world over. 1 Creating the Virtual Team With the above problem statement, leaders today have an inherent wish to be able to select team members based on their ability to work in virtual teams. However, in the healthcare domain, this is not an option which is readily available since there are very limited options available when it comes to having the right skill sets. The choices are therefore made as far as ossible; collate team members who have experience in virtual teamwork, rest of the parameters remaining same. 1. Discovering Commonalities: It is a difficult task to find commonalities within virtual teams as it is very much possible that the team leader has never met all members face to face and thus does not have enough data points to gauge them on a level scale. Extra efforts have to be taken by the leaders to Identify commonalities between people to actua lly arrive at trying to group similar minded or similar skilled team members together. . Creating Trust: Trust and respect cannot be commanded, it is almost always earned from the members of a team that trust each other and will go far in working together as a team. It is important to make every member valued and appreciated. Everyone should be given the opportunity to voice their opinion and all opinions need to be heard. 3. Understanding team dynamics: Within virtual teams, there are no visual or physical cues and thus it makes it challenging for the leader to understand the team dynamics. The likes and dislikes of the team members are also difficult to assimilate since the communication most of the times would be on phone or emails. 4. Team member interaction: An important component of virtual teams else would be difficult to handle such diverse user groups. Working virtually sometimes has its limitations that some of the team members might get missed out in the communications and which would be harmful for the team as a whole. It is sometimes observed than one member gets invited to fewer and fewer meetings and suddenly one is a non-entity on the team. Now imagine this happening with multiple team members. 5. Communication: With virtual teams, there are various ways in which the communication happens – phone, phone conference, video conference, email, internet, chat rooms and IM. The leaders have to be well conversed with all these medias and should decide on the right channel when communicating with the members of the virtual team. Conclusion Hoping to get immediate results, healthcare organizations cannot be investing in too many leadership programmes especially in the uncertain times. Therefore, it is important for the team to be conservative when it comes to making such decisions. Yet, it should be noted that leadership talent and technical expertise are necessary to meet the population’s healthcare needs, manage operations and find innovative and effective solutions to complex challenges. Good leadership initiatives, then, are essential for success. To start with, healthcare organizations have the opportunity to re-assess their organizational leadership capabilities and begin focused efforts to develop leaders and create a culture of collaboration. References Ellerby, Mark and Dr. Bowman, Clive, Bupa Care Services, 2011, â€Å"Healthcare leadership in caring for older people† CCL Report Jun, 2010. â€Å"Addressing the Leadership Gap in Healthcare† retrieved on 29th September 2012 from â€Å"Group Dynamics: Basic Nature of Groups and How They Develop† retrieved on 29th September 2012 from http://managementhelp. org/groups/dynamics-theories. htm â€Å"Stages of Group Development† retrieved on 29th September 2012 from â€Å"InterActive Leadership†, Burnham Rosen Group retrieved on 29th September 2012 from How to cite Leadership in Healthcare, Essay examples

The Free Trade Role in the Industrial Development of Syria

Introduction Free trade does not support local firms to grow in the developing world. This paper supports the debate argument that free trade will inhibit the flexibility of developing countries to use trade policy for industrial development and could leave firms in developing countries worse off. The case study used is Syria.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Free Trade Role in the Industrial Development of Syria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shortcomings of free trade Growing industries In the developing world, infant firms cannot gain competitive advantage in the context of increased levels of competition from foreign companies. Major exports of Syria Crude oil Fruits Vegetables Petroleum products Wheat Live animals Major imports of Syria Machinery Metal products Chemical products Yarn Paper Livestock products Figure 1. A summary of the major imports and exports of Syria. Senile industries It is not able that most governments in the developing world are not adequately funding their local firms to expand. This is also the case in Syria. Anti-dumping laws The non-existing anti-dumping laws in the nation would result in many sub-standard products being sold, which could negatively impact host business organisations. It might be difficult for local firms to diversify the economy of the country due to the impacts of free trade. Environmental degradation In the developed world with strict environmental laws, firms might take their production centres to the developing world where they cause massive pollution. This has been witnessed in Syria. Critical awareness of the complex nature of international trade Four main players are involved in facilitating cross-border trade (Daniels, Radebaugh Sullivan 2012). First, an exporter is identified as the country taking products to another nation. Second, an importer is the country that purchases products from another nation. Third, an exporter ’s bank ensures that the right procedures are followed with regard to payments. Fourth, an importer’s bank pays an exporter on behalf of its client.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With regard to Syria, cross-border trade is conducted within established legal frameworks that aim at fostering high levels of legality (Daniels et al 2012). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of trade exchanges When analysing the level of trade in the Arab world, it is essential to look at the amount of trade with regard to the value of products and the number of countries involved. For example, in 2013, Syria exported products worth $12.66 billion while it imported products worth $13.8 (Atlas Media n.d). The following countries were the trade partners of the country: Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Libya, United Arab Emirates, China and Kuwait. It is notable all the main trade partners of S yria were from the Arab world (Atlas Media n.d). Thus, it could be argued that free trade limits host firms to regional business transactions. Main exporters of Syria Main importers of Syria Kuwait The UAE Kuwait Iraq Saudi Arabia Egypt Kuwait The UAE Kuwait Iraq Saudi Arabia Egypt China Figure 2. The major exporters and importers of Syria. Main trade and investment promotion tools Rules and regulations promoted at national, regional and global level are anticipated to support international trade activities undertaken by various firms. They are aimed at providing proper guidelines to direct exporters and importers conducting trade nationally, regionally and globally (Daniels et al 2012). The international trade theory asserts that nations engage in international trade to increase improve their GDP. The macro-economic theory argues that nations could engage in cross-border trade to satisfy the needs of its citizens (Bartlett Beamish 2011; Daniels et al 2012). In order to pro tect and promote trade, trade entities utilise many instruments. Some of these are tariffs, quotas, local content requirement, government subsidy, foreign direct investments, and anti-duping policies, among others (Daniels et al 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Free Trade Role in the Industrial Development of Syria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political arguments are aimed at protecting human rights, national economy consumers as well as furthering foreign policy objectives. On the other hand, economic arguments aim at safeguarding infant industries, strategically positioning trade policy and protecting domestic employment (Bartlett Beamish 2011; Daniels et al 2012). Firms use various approaches to adhere to or to avoid protective measures from the government. Some of the strategies are gathering the right market data, adopting the best entry approaches and advocating for favourable trade policies (Daniels et al 2012). In Syria, regional trade associations play vital roles in helping firms to avoid or to adopt measures proposed by various governments. The WTO and anti-globalisation movements are also critical in helping business organisations to achieve their economic goals. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that free trade in Syria allows the participation of foreign firms, which would result in high levels of business competition and dumping of goods, among other undesired results. Ultimately, host firms will face closure. Free trade needs to be halted so that upcoming business establishments in Syria and other developing countries may realise excellent performance outcomes. References Atlas Media, n.d, Learn more about Syria, https://atlas.media.mit.edu/profile/country/syr/ Bartlett, CA, Beamish, P, 2011, Transnational Management, 6th ed, McGraw Hill, New York, NY. Daniels, JD, Radebaugh, LH, Sullivan, DP, 2012, International business: Environments and operations, 14th ed, Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The Free Trade Role in the Industrial Development of Syria was written and submitted by user L1ndsey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Infamy of Amaru essays

The Infamy of Amaru essays The Inca of yesterday is the same modern Peru of today. Both the old and the new Inca/Peru hold the same two people dear to their hearts. TÃ ºpac Amaru, whose untimely death at the age of 28 left the accent Inca in silence, was an Incan revolutionary leader of the sixteenth century (Werlich, 41). Amaru is remembered by his Incan and Peruvian peoples alike as being the one who changed the political atmosphere and the morale of their people. Amarus name has survived throughout five centuries as a symbol against injustice. Amaru was born during the year of 1571, into a lineage that stemmed from a long line of royalty. Amaru was a direct descendent of Huayna Capac, who was the Eleventh emperor of the Inca empire. Amaru was also the fourth Vilcabamba emperor to rule. Vilcabamba was a region in the Inca Empire made up of mountains and jungle wilderness located north of Cuzco (Werlich, 47). TÃ ºpac was the legitimate son of Inca Yupanqui and being a legitimate son has great significance according to Incan Belief. The Incas believed only the legitimate children or the children of whose mother was loved more could rule. One text has his initial name as Amaru TÃ ºpac Inca. Not much is written about the history of TÃ ºpac Amaru but what was kept record of mainly focuses on his birth and the details during his revolutionary responsibilities. What is clearly understood from that time of his rule is the immense wealth of love that was bestowed upon him by his Incan peoples. When TÃ ºpac Amaru was killed, the Conquistadors had his decapitated head mounted on a pole. The head of TÃ ºpac Amaru was supposed to strike fear in those Incans who plotted rebellious deeds. Quite to the contrary, the Incas did not fear the Spaniards nor saw Amarus severe head as a sign of defeat. Rather the Incan people came out in masses to celebrate their leader (Stirling, 138). This made it known that the Incas would not be subdued quietly. TÃ ºpac Amaru l...

Which Promotions Work and Which Dont

Which Promotions Work and Which Dont Im of the mind, these days, that ninety percent of promotional efforts are wasted. The world is choked with books, writers, people fighting to make a living with their words. Anyone can write a book, and anyone can post one for sale. After years of promoting novels, even from a platform such as FundsforWriters, Ive learned a hard lesson: Most promotional efforts do not work. We read blogs and ask for advice, trying to figure out which marketing tools work best. Well, guess KONICA MINOLTA DIGITAL CAMERA what? Any tool being touted as the best, any trick being shouted as effective, or any method being taught as the way to sell the most books . . . does not work. Why? Because everybody wants to do what works, and if everybody is doing it, then it becomes white noise and it quits working. Those people telling you the best way to sell are making more money telling you how to sell than selling their own books, unless they are selling how-to-sell books. Who wants to be a party to feeding that monster? Twitter is clogged with people shouting to buy their book. Sit back and watch your Twitter feed. Its been proven that saying buy my book never works, yet thousands continue to spew it. Facebook has groups that do nothing but post books for sale, and a zillion people keep posting their books on those groups like they are going to sell those books to all those other authors trying to sell their books. Goodreads is noisy with readers and authors trying to figure out what to do with Goodreads. Nobody has been able to say theyve made tons of sales via Goodreads. Do the Google search if you dont believe me. The bottom line is there is no one way to promote yourself, but you better be sure of the following no matter how you go about marketing: 1) Whatever you do has to be original, or originally implemented. 2) You better write a lot of books, because for someone to like you, they have to know they can binge on you if they find you interesting (a la Netflix Syndrome). Having one book only pisses them off. 3) You best be genuine in whatever you do. Its just so sad to see writers travel from event to event, sitting at lines of tables, in a room of several dozen authors, thinking they will stand out. They might as well be hiding. Quit asking others what they did, because its already been done. Quit following the crowds. Write your books. Promote in a manner that makes you feel good about yourself. And finally, be yourself. Readers are hungry for fresh and real. Thats hard to find because everyone is struggling so hard to be like everyone else. Get real.

No topic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

No topic - Case Study Example Any form of emergency measure involves a set of complex chain of tasks, players, and resources, in a channel of coordination that is embedded on interdependencies for an efficient and smooth recovery of operations (Turoff 2002, 29-32). This paper makes an attempt to investigate what factors were responsible for the business crisis to arise in Rio Tinto, Japan, especially for resuming on a normal day, just after the calamity. This necessitates the need for more coordination and management of the extremities thereafter and what procedures and mechanisms to be typically utilized for coordination, decision-making and product development. Using exact criteria and in the light of the current practices of operations and resources utilizing this case study, this paper has been strategically organized as follows, a brief description of the issues, causes, alternatives, preceding the decision criteria for implementation of strategic alternatives, along with the recommended approach. The major issues that are typically emerging after any form of emergency are mostly having a relation to interdependencies in a business, as a business has multiple-level of interdependencies in terms of job responsibilities, resources, assigned personnel, and the flow of information. These are physically scattered across geographies, boundaries and departments. Therefore, any rebuilding task after an emergency involves a strategic response of either reconsidering the existing entities, dismissing others and to reconstruct throughout the course of responses to rebuild the premise. The standard procedures include standardization, planning, mutual adjustment and routine analysis (Malone 1994, 357-370; AlaybeyoÄŸlu, Albayrak and Gà ¼rbà ¼z 2012, 1-4). These decisions, howsoever varied and dynamic, will provide directions on problems solving using interdependencies. Product-design, supply-chain management, resource-management, are all affected in the course of the sudden change,

Globalization Impact on Public Administration Essay

Globalization Impact on Public Administration - Essay Example Globalization is referred to the phenomenon of converting the local markets into global markets. More specifically, it can also be explained as an initiative to encourage the domestic business players to emerge with the outlook of a global competitor (Globalization-Bowne Global Translation, 2011). It is in this context that globalization has played an effective role to speed up the significance of democracy in public administrations. Democracy, in turn, strongly influenced sociable relations between different nations leading towards a positive impact of globalization on the public administrations practices. It is worth mentioning that implementing democracy to ensure legitimate governance in public services is highly essential in this context. Currently, the public officials are concentrating on the implementation of the democratic governance in their respective administrations which enhances the role of democracy in the system. Thus, because of the interdependent relationship existi ng between public administration and democracy, it is quite likely that the practices of this concept will differ from one nation to the other on the basis of the democratic divergences (Gonzalez, 2004). For instance, public administration practices of United States of America have been claimed as different from that of other countries. According to the experts, the private sectors in US follow a modified and reframed law, sophisticated organizational theory, effective political science and economic implications. It is because of these factors that the public administration in US is quite different from other nations (Riggs, 2000). The public administration of US also possesses certain distinctive features. Among these the most significant feature is that the public administration practices consider a veil between the politics and their administration in order to create and ensure effective and clean governance. In US, the public officials do not allow the political issues to affect the internal atmosphere of the organization; whereas, the tendency differs in certain other nations which may include both developed and developing countries. This significantly assists the public organizations in US to achieve its goal with limited political influence and other similar hurdles. Thus, the US public officials can be observed to approach with an inductive thinking for the betterment of the system (Sezen, 2000). Globalization plays a key role in framing legal constraints and also tends to direct legal practices and modifications in the existing forms through restructuring and expansion. Furthermore, the functions of national legislation have been observed to decline. Simultaneously, the international commercial arbitration centers earned increasing importance after the elimination of transnational commercial disputes. These were the effects of the legal restraints over globalization. Moreover, these effects took place due to the increasing importance of privatization in the jurisdiction of the US. These effects are measured on the basis of increase in the number of commercial arbitration centers. On the contrary, the US practiced a unique jurisdiction for public administration. This in turn diminished the dependency of public administrations on the administrative laws and thus the role played by these laws was also altered (Sezen, 2000). In the similar context, public officials tend to be highly influenced by the cultural bases which again are reflected in their public administra

Descriptive Essay - New York City in the Morning -- Descriptive Essay,

A violin song pulls us out of sleep, dreams of trains and pineapples, like a silk rope. He notices the morning light come to the wall. In the city we left only a few days ago, we learned about waking up before dawn, not to the light, but to the stirring that moves the blood in our thighs and hands. The morning was ancient before the sun even rose. Rising early in New York City allows you to hear the birds on the street. When we emerged from the tight doorway leading out of the apartment, I saw that the color of the sidewalk and street matched the tone of the sky. A perfectly unassuming shade to provide backdrop for the yellow taxis and traffic signals. Scuff went out heels of our cowboy boots over the sparkling sidewalk. Sparkling with grit and cement. Maybe to combat the snobbery of c...

Definition Essay on Ignorance Essay

When people are confronted with information which they’re not ready to accept, they will usually return to the phrase â€Å"ignorance is bliss†. Ignorance is not bliss; it is merely a dose of anaesthetic which wears off in time. Being ignorant does not mean being happy, ignorance is lack of knowledge. Ignorance should never be a way of life for a fully grown human because knowledge always means power and ignorance never means bliss. For a child, however, ignorance of things they cannot accurately comprehend yet may be beneficial. I have always believed in Santa Claus until I caught my parents slipping presents into my Christmas socks. I was shell shocked when I witnessed that my parents were no Santa Claus and Santa Claus indeed did not exist. I cried. I cried because my parents were liars. I cried because Santa Claus was not real. Ignorant of that fact would have saved me from heartbreak but I have eventually learned to accept the reality of our world. We cannot be ignorant forever, at some point in the future; we will all learn to acquire the knowledge and the blessing of being knowledgeable. Many times in life, people have been tempted to be ignorant. Being ignorant of things could give us a breather and as with all things in life, both knowledge and people come in differing degrees of strength. Sometimes, we just want to avoid and be less worry about issues we have in our lives. Childhood does have a kind of bliss, indeed. Children do not have the kinds of burdens that adults have-the burdens that come with responsibility and with awareness of the complexities of life and Ignorance has its place in life for awhile. As for parents, they may want to protect their children from knowledge which is too much for them to bear, too confusing for their minds to process. As we grow and become more independent, we must develop an adult mind of our own. â€Å"Would it be beneficial or harmful to a person if they knew for certain the date of their death?† In this scenario, both camps of aphorisms will yell out that their aphorism saves the day. The knowledge camp will say that knowing the date of ones death will help one to live a more fulfilling life. The ignorance camp will state that such a scenario would cripple a person,  and that in order to live a happy life, that person should be ignorant of their death-date. I say that both camps are true, but partial. Many cancer patients know the date of their death, at least as proscribed by doctors, to within a few months. For some of these patients, the news is crippling, and they end up dying long before their deadline because they lose the will to live. Others see this deadline as a second chance, growing beyond their present condition, regardless of if they are to die. This scenario highlights the importance of development in fact giving: you have to be certain the person is ready to hear the information you are about to give them. This problem explores only one way the knowledge/ignorance dualism may be integrated. In Will Durant’s The Story of Philosophy, the story tells the life of a wise Bramin. The Bramin is learned, wise, and wealthy but he is not content with his life. He has many questions left unanswered in his life. He is tormented by his imagination and wonders. He is upset for the time he has spent on learning because his knowledge brought more questions and discontentment in his life. He questions as to why knowledge did not bring him happiness but misery. He also knew that his neighbor, a poor and ignorant woman lives her life without any dissatisfaction. But he declares that if happiness were to be gained through ignorance, he does not look forward to being happy. Smith, John Jacob Jingleheimer, and Cindy Lu. _Wu Xia and the Art of_ _Scooter Maintenance._ New York: Springer, 2003. Smith, John Jacob Jingleheimer et. al. _Wu Xia and the Art of_ _Scooter Maintenance_. New York: Springer, 2003.

Carga pública y beneficios públicos para residencia

La nueva regla sobre carga pà ºblica es un cambio radical en la polà ­tica migratoria de Estados Unidos y afecta tanto a las peticiones de la residencia permanente, conocida como green card, como a las solicitudes de visas no inmigrantes, como por ejemplo las de estudiante, turista, trabajo temporal, intercambio o inversià ³n. Y es que segà ºn la nueva normativa, tanto los oficiales consulares como los de la Policà ­a Fronteriza –CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s– o del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a –USCIS–pueden negar ajustes de estatus, visas de inmigrante para obtener la residencia permanente o ingresos a Estados Unidos si consideran que una persona extranjera puede convertirse en carga pà ºblica. Asimismo, pueden rechazar las solicitudes de visas no inmigrantes y USCIS puede denegar cambios de estatus o extensiones de visas.  ¿Dà ³nde ha comenzado a aplicarse y dà ³nde està ¡ suspendida? Esta nueva regla sobre carga pà ºblica deberà ­a entrar en vigor el martes 15 de octubre de 2019 tanto dentro de EE.UU como fuera del paà ­s en las oficinas de embajadas y consulados. Sin embargo, tres cortes federales suspendieron temporalmente el viernes 11 de octubre la aplicacià ³n de la regla del Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS) y tambià ©n por parte de USCIS . Por lo tanto, es necesario esperar por mà ¡s decisiones judiciales para determinar si la regla puede aplicarse dentro de EE.UU. y en sus fronteras. Por otro lado, sà ­ està ¡ en vigor, al menos por el momento, la regla sobre carga pà ºblica del Departamento de Estado. Embajadas y consulados pueden aplicarla desde el dà ­a 15 de octubre a las visas de inmigrante para la residencia y tambià ©n a las visas no inmigrante, como las H1B (trabajo para profesionales), H4 (derivada de la H1B), L1 (transfer), B1 (negocios) y F1 (estudiante) y otras.  ¿Quà © es carga pà ºblica? La carga pà ºblica es, desde hace aà ±os, una de las causas por las que se podà ­a denegar una visa o un ajuste de estatus. Sin embargo, solo se consideraba carga pà ºblica recibir dinero del gobierno a travà ©s de un nà ºmero reducido de programas o necesitar cuidados en una institucià ³n y a largo plazo a cargo del gobierno. Sin embargo, la nueva regla segà ºn la cual se negarà ¡n las visas de inmigrante o o no inmigrante o el ajuste de estatus a cualquier persona que se considere que es mà ¡s probable que no ocasionar un gasto al gobierno federal o a cualquier administracià ³n estatal, local o tribal. Mà ¡s especà ­ficamente, se puede negar las visas, el ajuste de estatus o el ingreso a EE.UU. a cualquier persona que a juicio de un oficial consular, de la CBP o USCIS es mà ¡s probable que no que utilice recursos pà ºblicos por 12 meses o mà ¡s en un periodo de 36 meses (3 aà ±os). Para determinar quà © extranjeros pueden convertirse en carga pà ºblica los consulados, agentes de la CBP y USCIS tienen en consideracià ³n una serie de factores, a los que se les da diferente importancia, para llegar a una decisià ³n. Factores para determinar si un extranjero puede convertirse en carga pà ºblica Como mà ­nimo, se tendrà ¡n en cuenta los siguientes factores: edad, salud, situacià ³n familiar, propiedades y situacià ³n financiera, educacià ³n y otras habilidades y conocimientos. Tambià ©n se tendrà ¡ en cuenta si la persona que solicita la visa o la residencia ha recibido beneficios pà ºblicos en el pasado. Segà ºn el Manual del Departamento de Estado para Asuntos Extranjeros (FAM, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), dichos factores se evaluarà ¡n de la siguiente manera: Edad Es un factor positivo tener entre 18 y 62 aà ±os. Sin embargo, los menores de 18 aà ±os no serà ¡n penalizados si emigran con uno de sus progenitores o guardianes legales o se uno a uno de los mismos presentes ya en EE.UU. Sin embargo, la edad –sin importar el nà ºmero exacto de aà ±os– puede ser un factor negativo en las peticiones de visa de inmigrante o ajuste de estatus, si se considera que puede perjudicar para trabajar o encontrar trabajo o si afecta negativamente a la salud. Salud Se considera como un factor muy negativo sufrir de una enfermedad que requiere asistencia mà ©dica por un periodo extendido o internamiento mà ©dico por tiempo largo. Tambià ©n se contabiliza negativamente la enfermedad que impide a una persona cuidarse a sà ­ misma o cuando la incapacita para trabajar o estudiar. Esto à ºltimo solo en los casos de visas que autorizan a trabajar o estudiar o residencias permanentes. Ademà ¡s, en el caso especà ­fico de extranjeros solicitantes de la visa de inmigrante en los consulados de EE.UU. para la residencia deberà ¡n probar que tienen seguro mà ©dico o medios econà ³micos suficientes para hacer frente a posibles problemas de salud, segà ºn las nuevas reglas que entran en vigor en noviembre de 2019. Factor positivo para todos los solicitantes de visa: tener un seguro mà ©dico privado. No puede haber sido obtenido beneficià ¡ndose de dinero pà ºblico a travà ©s de Obamacare. Este factor aplica tanto a los extranjeros que solicitan una visa no inmigrante como migrante y el seguro debe cubrir su periodo de admisià ³n. Situacià ³n familiar Se tendrà ¡ en cuenta el tamaà ±o de la familia y si ese dato puede ser considerado como un factor a la hora de convertirse en carga pà ºblica. Recursos econà ³micos Este punto es importante para todos los solicitantes de visa. Sin embargo, las reglas que se dan a continuacià ³n aplican solo a las personas que han pedido la residencia permanente. Asà ­, se considera un factor positivo si los ingresos brutos familiares son superiores al 125 por ciento de la là ­nea de la pobreza segà ºn el tamaà ±o familiar, o 100 por cien para el caso de hogares militares. Si no se alcanzan dichos mà ­nimos, el patrocinador de la residencia puede presentar prueba de sus propiedades y bienes. Si el valor de los mismos, restadas las cargas, es cinco veces superior a la diferencia entre los ingresos brutos de la familia y el 125 por ciento de la là ­nea de la pobreza segà ºn el tamaà ±o de su hogar, entonces se contarà ¡ como un factor positivo su situacià ³n econà ³mica. Ademà ¡s, si el extranjero para el que se solicita la residencia es el cà ³nyuge de un ciudadano estadounidense o el hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os serà ¡ suficiente que el valor de dichos bienes y propiedades sea tres veces superior. A la hora de considerar los ingresos y propiedades debe excluirse los provenientes del juego, de actividades ilegales o beneficios pà ºblicos. Finalmente, se tendrà ¡n en consideracià ³n los ingresos totales familiares, las propiedades que pueden convertirse en dinero en efectivo en los 12 siguientes meses a la obtencià ³n de la residencia, las deudas del extranjero para el que se solicita la green card y si ha solicitado en el pasado un perdà ³n del pago de una tarifa migratoria. Asimismo, se tendrà ¡ en cuenta el puntaje de crà ©dito, las declaraciones de bancarrota y si el extranjero para el que se solicita la tarjeta de residencia o cualquier persona en su hogar familiar ha recibido, recibe o recibià ³ aprobacià ³n para un beneficio pà ºblico a partir del 15 de octubre de 2019. Por el contrario, se considera como factores muy positivos: los ingresos, bienes y propiedades del hogar familiar son iguales o superiores al 250 por ciento de la là ­nea de la pobreza para el tamaà ±o de la familia. Estudios, trabajo y habilidades Este punto tiene tambià ©n especial relevancia para los extranjeros esperando por la tarjeta de residencia. Se tendrà ¡ en consideracià ³n como factor positivo o negativo, dependiendo de las circunstancias, el nivel de estudios del extranjero, su historial de empleo, licencias, certificaciones, conocimiento de inglà ©s y de otras lenguas. Sin embargo, no serà ¡ un factor negativo la falta de estudios o experiencia laboral cuando se trate de una persona mayor de 18 aà ±os que pueda demostrar que cuida a una persona de su familia que es un anciano, nià ±o o enfermo. Por el contrario, se considera como un factor muy positivo: el extranjero ingresa por su trabajo una cantidad superior al 250 por ciento de la là ­nea de la pobreza, segà ºn el tamaà ±o familiar. Està ¡n excluidos los ingresos por actividades ilegales. Asimismo, si la persona extranjera no està ¡ autorizada a trabajar en EE.UU., como es el caso de los indocumentados, no podrà ¡n tomarse en consideracià ³n sus ingresos ganados en dicho paà ­s. Ademà ¡s, està ¡ muy penalizado el extranjero que ni trabaja ni estudia y no puede demostrar historial laboral reciente o posibilidad razonable de trabajo en el futuro. Por otro lado, la declaracià ³n de sostenimiento, conocida como affidavit of support, es considerada como un factor positivo. En el caso de peticià ³n de una residencia por trabajo para un trabajador extranjero, si un familiar es el patrocinador o tiene una participacià ³n importante en la empresa –superior al cinco por ciento–deberà ¡ presentar un affidavit of support en favor de ese trabajador extranjero que debe ser considerado suficiente. Asimismo, en el caso de peticiones de residencia en las que el affidavit of support està ¡ completado por mà ¡s de una persona, el oficial a cargo de decidir si aprueba la solicitud tendrà ¡ en consideracià ³n si la persona co-firmante està ¡ deseosa y es capaz de mantener al migrante. Carga pà ºblica previa Se considera un factor negativo pero no grave las ayudas recibidas antes del 15 de octubre de 2019 que està ©n comprendidas en los programas siguientes: SSI (Ingresos de Seguridad Suplementario), TANFF (Ayuda Temporal a Familias en Necesidad) y programas de asistencia local en forma de ayuda econà ³mica. Tambià ©n haber recibido asistencia de los programas conocidos como Asistencia General, o ayuda para recibir cuidados a largo plazo en una institucià ³n como, por ejemplo, a travà ©s de Medicaid. Està ¡n excluidos de la consideracià ³n de carga pà ºblica previa los cuidados en una institucià ³n a corto plazo y cualquier otra ayuda recibida en EE.UU. o en otro paà ­s. Cabe destacar que ya se han cancelado visas y renovaciones de visas de turista a padres y madres de bebà ©s nacidos en EE.UU. cuando no se ha pagado la factura del parto y Medicaid ha corrido con los gastos. Pero se considera un factor muy negativo a la hora de determinar si a una persona se le aprueba la visa o el ajuste de estatus que previamente fuera calificado como carga pà ºblica por un juez de Inmigracià ³n o por el Board de Apelaciones Migratorias (BIA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Beneficios pà ºblicos que son carga pà ºblica Segà ºn la nueva regulacià ³n, recibir dinero del gobierno federal o de un estado, municipio, condado o tribu –con la excepcià ³n de crà ©ditos sobre impuestos– pueden ser un factor que da lugar a la consideracià ³n de carga pà ºblica y, por lo tanto, a la negacià ³n de una visa o del ajuste de estatus. Por ejemplo: SSITANFSNAP, conocido como cupones de alimentosProgramas de Asistencia General de los estadosAyuda para alquiler y vivienda pà ºblica. Secciones 8 y 9.Medicaid, salvo excepciones enumeradas mà ¡s abajo Ademà ¡s, se considera como un factor muy negativo: si el extranjero ha recibido o se ha aprobado la solicitud para recibir uno o mà ¡s beneficios pà ºblicos por mà ¡s de 12 meses en un periodo de 36. Si cobra dos beneficios en un mes, se computarà ¡ como dos meses. Sin embargo, los que con anterioridad al 15 de octubre de 2019 recibieron ayudas en efectivo por los programas SSI, TANF o programas de asistencia general de los estados o para internamientos a largo plazo recibirà ¡n una puntuacià ³n negativa por los mismos, pero no grave.  ¿Quà © beneficios no son carga pà ºblica? En relacià ³n a Medicaid, no son carga pà ºblica las asistencias de emergencia en hospitales, los servicios que se prestan en cumplimiento de la Ley de Educacià ³n para Personas con Incapacidades, el programa WIC para embarazadas o madres recientes y menores de 21 aà ±os y beneficios o servicios escolares, segà ºn las leyes estatales y locales. Tampoco es carga pà ºblica recibir vacunas gratuitamente o a bajo coste o tratamiento para la prevencià ³n o cura de enfermedades contagiosas. Tambià ©n està ¡ excluido el programa CHIP para nià ±os (Healthy Families en California), servicios de cuidado infantil, foster care i adopcià ³n, emergencia en situaciones de desastre, ayuda para energà ­a como el programa LIHEAP y programas de entrenamiento para el empleo. Tampoco son carga pà ºblica solicitar FAFSA para estudios superiores, asistencia a escuelas pà ºblicas o beneficios derivados de la Ley Head Start y programas de desayuno y comida en las escuelas. Finalmente, tambià ©n està ¡n excluidos los comedores comunitarios, los bancos de alimentos comunitarios, intercambios en especie, albergues por corto plazo de tiempo y asistencia mental en situaciones de crisis. Excepciones a la negacià ³n de visas o residencia por carga pà ºblica Las nuevas reglas no aplican a asilados, refugiados, và ­ctimas de violencia o de trata de personas, siempre y cuando reciban beneficios a los que està ¡n autorizados de acuerdo a la ley. Ademà ¡s, las limitaciones para recibir beneficios pà ºblicos porque pueden tener consecuencias migratorias no afectan a las personas alistadas en el Ejà ©rcito ni a su cà ³nyuge ni hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Tambià ©n hay excepciones que aplican a algunos hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os de ciudadanos americanos. I-539: carga pà ºblica para cambio de estatus o extensià ³n visa En los siguientes casos debe usarse la nueva versià ³n de este documento pedir cambio de estatus o extensià ³n de visa y probar que no se es carga pà ºblica: H-4, dependientes de extranjeros con H-1L-2, dependientes de L-1B1/B2, turistas y personas de negociosJ-1 de intercambio y estudiante F-1 para cambio estatus y re-establecimientoDependientes de visa E, inversionista. Propuesta de la administracià ³n Trump El gobierno està ¡ estudiando facilitar la deportacià ³n de migrantes por causa de carga pà ºblica. Naturalizacià ³n y carga pà ºblica Las nuevas reglas sobre carga pà ºblica no aplica a los residentes permanentes legales que solicitan la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Puntos Clave: carga pà ºblica Puede negarse por carga pà ºblica: ajuste de estatus, visa inmigrante, todas las visas no inmigrante, ingreso a EE.UU. y extensià ³n o cambio de visa no inmigrante.Factores que se tienen en cuenta: edad, situacià ³n familiar, enfermedades, uso de beneficios pà ºblicos, ingresos, propiedades, conocimiento de inglà ©s, historial laboral, etc.Està ¡ndar: es mà ¡s probable que no que una persona reciba ayuda pà ºblica por 12 meses o mà ¡s en un periodo de 3 aà ±os.Entrada en vigor: previsto para el 15 de octubre de 2019 pero suspendido temporalmente por cortes federales. A espera de una decisià ³n final sobre la legalidad de esta norma sobre carga pà ºblica. Fuentes: â€Å"Public Charge.†Ã‚  USCIS, 11 Oct. 2019, https://www.uscis.gov/greencard/public-charge.U.S.C. Title 8 - ALIENS AND NATIONALITY, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2017-title8/html/USCODE-2017-title8-chap12-subchapII-partII-sec1182.htm.â€Å"Visas: Ineligibility Based on Public Charge Grounds.†Ã‚  Federal Register, 11 Oct. 2019, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/10/11/2019-22399/visas-ineligibility-based-on-public-charge-grounds. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.